A twin zygosity DNA test is now the most scientifically reliable means of determining whether twins are identical or fraternal. Ordinarily, twins are classified as being identical or fraternal by simply looking at the aesthetic similarities between the two twins. This technique is very inaccurate and has no scientific backing.

A twin DNA test can easily determine with total accuracy whether twins are identical or not. Identical twins are conceived when one sperm cell fertilises an egg and at a later stage the egg splits into two. Medically, identical twins are referred to as monozygotic twins. On the other hand, fraternal twins are conceived when two eggs are fertilised by two sperm cells and are referred to as dizygotic twins. Identical twins, being the product of a single fertilisation, will have identical genetic blue prints, whilst twins that are fraternal will have genetic blue prints which are similar but not the same.

There are a number of reasons for doing a twin zygosity DNA test. Often twins might wish to have this type of genetic test done purely out of curiosity. However, since identical twins can donate blood to each other and are more likely to make suitable organ donors for each other, a DNA twin test could indeed be useful as a pre-emptive measure.

When carrying out DNA paternity testing, the norm is to have swab samples taken from both the twins in order to accurately determine paternal lineage. The reason for this is that the mother of the twins might have slept with two individuals on independent occasions and conceived a child from each man; thus two separate ova would have been fertilised by two sperm cells, each cell from a different man.

If a woman had intercourse with two identical, or monozygotic, twins, a DNA test will not be able to determine which man played a role in the child’s conception due to the fact that their genetic profiles are the same and the child’s profiles will match that of both the alleged fathers.

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